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Posts tagged linux

postfix出错一则

能收到邮件但是发不出去

错误日志如下

Nov  4 20:32:21 localhost postfix/cleanup[4853]: warning: 51CCA2E129: virtual_alias_maps map lookup probl         em for xxxx@gmail.com
Nov  4 20:33:21 localhost postfix/pickup[4851]: 587A12F5F5: uid=0 from=
Nov  4 20:33:21 localhost postfix/cleanup[4853]: warning: connect to mysql server localhost: Can't connec         t to local MySQL server through socket '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' (2)

原因是之前配置了基于mysql的地址映射

virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-alias.cf

当一些在chroot环境中运行的postfix组建试图通过/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock连接数据库时就报错了,在master.cf里禁用smtp,rewrite,cleanup的chroot即可

smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
rewrite   unix  -       -       n       -       -       trivial-rewrite
cleanup   unix  n       -       n       -       0       cleanup

#这是一种不安全的fix方法,另一种解决方法是修改my.conf同过3306端口访问mysql,也可以解决问题。

bash拼音补齐靠谱版本

之前玩ubuntu的时候写过一个,功能和代码都较丑,用的拼音库也很烂。正好为项目抓了一个靠谱的拼音库,顺便把这个bash补齐又重新实现了下,Mac上也可以用了~

项目:http://code.google.com/p/bash-pinyin-completion/

==特性==
* 支持拼音首字母匹配和完全匹配
* 支持多音字匹配

安装

ubuntu

支持10.04,10.10,11.04版本从ppa安装,如果之前安装过那个chs-completion先卸载之

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:emptyhua/toolbox
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install bash-pinyin-completion

然后新开一个终端,就可以使用拼音补齐了

Mac OS X

对于mac需要先安装 bash-completion

sudo port install bash-completion

然后编辑~/.bash_profile,把下面的代码贴进去

if [ -f /opt/local/etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /opt/local/etc/bash_completion
fi

下载源码包http://code.google.com/p/bash-pinyin-completion/downloads/list

unzip bash-pinyin-completion-xxx.zip
cd bash-pinyin*
make
sudo make install

然后新开一个终端,就可以使用拼音补齐了

linux中tty设备名的由来

tty是teletypewriter(电传打字机)的简称,电传打字机是一种老式的通信工具,类似于传真,它有一个用于输入的键盘和用于输出接收信息的纸带打印设备。当按下按键后,电传机会把对应的键码编码成电流脉冲发送给接收方。对方收到脉冲后解码,并将对应的字符打印到纸带上。

早期的一些计算机便使用电传机来做输入输出设备。用户通过电传机向计算机输入指令,并通过纸带打印计算机的反馈结果,这便是最原始的command line interface(命令行交互)。

unix系统会为所有设备在/dev目录下生成对应的文件,电传机便被命名为/dev/tty#(#代表数字序号)。虽然现在的计算机早已经不再使用电传机做IO设备,但是tty的命名依然沿用至今。

links:
http://www.linfo.org/teletype.html
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1773688.htm

key code table

Key Mac Windows Linux Notes
rbKeyUp 126 26 103
rbKeyDown 125 28 108
rbKeyLeft 123 25 105
rbKeyRight 124 27 106
rbKeyBackspace 117 8 14
rbKeyEnter 76 * 28
rbKeyHome 115 36 102
rbKeyEnd 119 35 107
rbKeyPageDown 121 34 109
rbKeyPageUp 116 33 104
rbKeyReturn 36 13 *
rbKeyDelete 51 46 111
rbKeyTab 48 9 15
rbKeySpacebar 49 20 57
rbKeyShift 56 10 *
rbKeyControl 59 11 *
rbKeyMenu 58 18 139 The Alt key
rbKeyPrintScreen * 42 210
rbKeyEscape 53 27 1
rbKeyCapsLock 57 20 58
rbKeyHelp 114 47 138
rbKeyF1 122 112 59
rbKeyF2 120 113 60
rbKeyF3 99 114 61
rbKeyF4 118 115 62
rbKeyF5 96 116 63
rbKeyF6 97 117 64
rbKeyF7 98 118 65
rbKeyF8 100 119 66
rbKeyF9 101 120 67
rbKeyF10 109 121 68
rbKeyF11 103 122 87
rbKeyF12 111 123 88
rbKeyMacFn 63 * *
rbKeyMacOption 58 * *
rbKeyMacCommand 55 * *
rbKeyWinLeftWindow * 91 * On “Natural” keyboards
rbKeyWinRightWindow * 92 * On “Natural” keyboards
rbKeyWinApplication 110 93 * On “Natural” keyboards
rbKeyQ 12 81 16
rbKeyW 13 87 17
rbKeyE 14 69 18
rbKeyR 15 82 19
rbKeyT 17 84 20
rbKeyY 16 89 21
rbKeyU 32 85 22
rbKeyI 34 73 23
rbKeyO 31 79 24
rbKeyP 35 80 25
rbKeyA * 65 30
rbKeyS 1 83 31
rbKeyD 2 68 32
rbKeyF 3 70 33
rbKeyG 5 71 34
rbKeyH 4 72 35
rbKeyJ 38 74 36
rbKeyK 40 75 37
rbKeyL 37 76 38
rbKeyZ 6 90 44
rbKeyX 7 88 45
rbKeyC 8 67 46
rbKeyV 9 86 47
rbKeyB 11 66 48
rbKeyN 45 78 49
rbKeyM 46 77 50
rbKey0 29 48 11
rbKey1 18 49 2
rbKey2 19 50 3
rbKey3 20 51 4
rbKey4 21 52 5
rbKey5 23 53 6
rbKey6 22 54 7
rbKey7 26 55 8
rbKey8 28 56 9
rbKey9 25 57 10
rbKeyPeriod 47 190 52
rbKeyComma 43 188 51
rbKeySlash 44 191 53 The key with /? generally next to right shift key.
rbKeyNum0 82 96 82 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum1 83 97 79 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum2 84 98 80 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum3 85 99 81 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum4 86 100 75 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum5 87 101 76 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum6 88 102 77 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum7 89 103 71 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum8 91 104 72 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNum9 92 105 73 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyMultiply 67 106 55 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyAdd 69 107 78 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeySubtract 78 109 74 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyDivide 75 111 98 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyDecimal 65 110 83 On numeric keypad or with NumLock
rbKeyNumEqual 81 * 117 On numeric keypad or with NumLock

from:http://classicteck.com/rbarticles/mackeyboard.php

openSSL好麻烦

http://www.cs.utah.edu/~swalton/listings/sockets/programs/

上面网址down了一个使用ssl的socket server例程,编译后执行发现报错

SSL_CTX_new:null ssl method passed

google找到原因:跟我的发行版有关。。

Note: in Ubuntu 10.10 and later this method cannot be used. The SSLv2
protocol is considered unsafe, and all attempts to use it will result
in the error “null ssl method passed”.

SSLv2_server_method 改成 SSLv3_server_method 后编译执行继续报错

SSL_CTX_new:library has no ciphers

继续google:需要调用库函数之前需要执行SSL_library_init();

重新编译,OK

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